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Poland is a Central European nation with a colourful history and culture. Its central city, Warsaw, serves as its capital and has a population of about 38.5 million. Poland is well recognized for its industrial base, agriculture, and expanding services industry. It has a mixed-market economy. The nation has a variety of historical attractions, beautiful landscapes, and energetic cities that draw visitors from all over the world. Poland has a sophisticated educational system, accessible healthcare for all citizens, and cutting-edge infrastructure. Poland is significant in Europe's economic and geopolitical elements as a member of the EU and NATO.

The service sector is the most significant component of its economy, followed by industry and agriculture. With the economic reform in 1989, the Polish external debt increased from $42.2 billion in 1989 to $365.2 billion in 2014. Poland shipped US$224.6 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2017, while exports increased to US$221.4 billion. The country's top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics

The following sections of the PKD (Polish Classification of Activities) had the highest proportions of job openings and sites of professional activation that were reported to labour offices in 2020:

1. Administrative and support service activities - 316 000 job offers;

2. Manufacturing - 245 500 job offers;

3. Construction - 102 500 job offers;

4. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, including motorcycles - 98800 job offers;

5. Transportation and storage - 59 100 job offers.

6. In 2020, the highest numbers of job vacancies and places of professional

activation notified to labour offices were recorded for the following occupations:

7. other manufacturing labourers 58 300 job offers;

8. other elementary workers not elsewhere classified - 52 300 job offers;

9. hand packer - 49 500 job offers;

10. stock clerk - 42 100 job offers;

11. building caretaker - 31 100 job offers;

12. building construction labourer - 31 100 job offers;

13. warehouse worker - 29 500 job offers;

14. processing industry labourer - 23 100 job offers;

15. sales worker - 22 500 job offers;

16. Other cleaning workers not elsewhere classified - 19 400 job offers.

Based on the Occupational Barometer survey commissioned by the Minister of Development, Labour and Technology, carried out in all districts, 29 shortage occupations were identified in 2021 at the national level.

Among shortage occupations, there were, among others:

1. Nine building occupations: concrete placers and finishers, pavers, carpenters, and joiners; construction roofers and sheet-metal workers; construction installation

2. assemblers; bricklayers and plasterers; earthmoving plant operators; and

3. mechanics; building finishers and building workers;

4. Six manufacturing occupations: electricians, electrical equipment repairers and installers, tailors and garment workers, metalworking machine operators, wood treaters, cabinet makers, welders, and toolmakers;

5. Five medical and care industry occupations: physiotherapists and massage therapists, medical doctors, careres of older persons or persons with disabilities, nurses and midwives, ambulance workers;

6. TSL (transport, shipping, logistics) occupations - bus drivers, heavy truck and semi-trailer truck drivers, and stock clerks;

7. food industry and food service industry occupations: cooks, bakers;

8. educational occupations: vocational training teachers, teachers of vocational subjects;

9. Occupations of other categories - motor vehicle mechanics and repairers, independent accountants.

One hundred thirty-eight occupations were considered balanced at the national level. The following previously shortage groups became balanced: automotive sheet-metal workers, spray painters and varnishers, hairdressers, and accounting and bookkeeping clerks. On the other hand, Ambulance workers will become a shortage group in 2021.

A balanced and stable situation in the labour market in 2021 may be observed, first and foremost, in the case of postal workers (balance forecast in 363 of 380 districts), Leisure and sports trainers (balance forecast in 360 communities with local surpluses forecast in 10 sections), veterinarians and insurance agents (in both cases the balance is indicated in 359 districts).

The fact that a given occupational group remains a shortage group or remains balanced on the labour market at the national level does not mean that the same trend can be observed in all provinces. The situation in this respect varies from one region to another.

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Which types of workers need to be added in Poland?

Construction and health care were the industries with the most significant shortages in 2022. You can view the complete list below, which includes the following occupations:

1. Carpenters and construction carpenters, heavy equipment operators and mechanics, bricklayers and plasterers, concrete mixers and fixers, pavers, roofers and tinsmiths, construction installation fitters, construction workers, and

construction workers.

2. Healthcare professionals in the medical and care fields include doctors, nurses, healthcare assistants, paramedics, psychologists, and psychotherapists.

3. industrial manufacturing: welders, locksmiths, machine tool operators, carpenters and woodworkers, electricians, electromechanics,

4. bus drivers, truck and tractor-trailer drivers, warehousing employees, auto

mechanics,

5. Certified accountants, personnel in the accounting and bookkeeping fields,

6. teaching in the field of vocational education

7. Cooks and bakers in the food and catering industry.

Where are the available workers?

Workers are available in Poland in all the different provinces and cities. Poland's central regions where you can find labour are as follows:

1. Warsaw: As Poland's largest city, Warsaw draws in a sizable workforce.

Professionals from various industries, including banking, IT, business services, and more, comprise its broad labour market.

2. Kraków: Kraków is a significant cultural and economic hub in southern Poland. Thanks to its universities and technology parks, it attracts qualified people in industries like IT, research, banking, and tourism.

3. Wroclaw: A vibrant city in western Poland, Wrocaw's economy is expanding. IT, manufacturing, engineering, shared services, and logistics jobs are available.

4. Lodz: Lodz is a city mostly recognised for its manufacturing and textile sectors. Its workforce is proficient in fields including production, engineering, and logistics. 5. Pozna: A dynamic city in western Poland, Pozna draws workers from various industries, including IT, commercial services, manufacturing, and trade.

6. The Tri-City region, which includes the cities of Gdask, Gdynia, and Sopot, is a centre for marine trade, logistics, and tourism. It is situated on the Baltic Sea coast. It provides employment opportunities in the transportation, logistics, IT, travel, and service industries.

7. Katowice: The Silesian region around Katowice has a robust industrial foundation focusing on mining, metallurgy, and heavy industries. This region employs people in engineering, manufacturing, and construction.

8. Other Regions: Besides the major cities, workers are accessible in other Polish provinces and municipalities. These individuals could be knowledgeable in various industries, such as services, forestry, tourism, and agriculture.

Short overview of the labour market:

Various industries and a young workforce distinguish Poland's labour market. Here is a quick synopsis of Poland's job market:

1. Strong Economic Growth: Poland's economy has grown steadily in recent years, making it one of the continent's fastest-growing. A larger labour market and more work opportunities result from this growth.

2. Polish workers are highly educated and skilled, with a strong focus on technical and vocational education. The nation generates many graduates in engineering, information technology, finance, and other disciplines, creating a pool of

competent workers for numerous businesses.

3. The country's most important industries are Polish manufacturing, information technology, finance, business services, automotive, agriculture, and tourism. Both skilled and unskilled employees have job prospects in these industries.

4. IT and technology enterprises, startups, and technology parks are numerous in

Poland's booming IT industry. The nation is renowned for highly qualified IT professionals, programmers, and software developers.

5. Outsourcing and Shared Services: Outsourcing and Shared Services centres

frequently locate in Poland. Poland now has many global corporations operating there, creating employment opportunities in finance, accounting, customer service,

and IT support.

5. Infrastructure development and real estate projects are the main drivers of Poland's active construction industry. Engineers, project managers, and other skilled personnel are in high demand.

7. Healthcare and Social Services: As Poland's healthcare industry develops, jobs for doctors, nurses, caretakers, and other workers become available. Providing social services like child care and senior care helps support employment in this industry. 3. Agriculture-related Seasonal Employment: Poland has a sizable agricultural industry, which offers seasonal employment opportunities in farming, fruit picking, and vegetable harvesting. These jobs frequently draw foreign labour during the 

busiest times of the year.

9. Youth Mobility: Poland has implemented several initiatives and programs to entice young professionals and recent graduates from abroad. These initiatives seek to give people in the nation access to employment, internships, and career

development.

It's crucial to remember that Poland's labour markets may vary by region, with big cities like Warsaw, Kraków, and Wrocaw having a wider variety of employment options. English proficiency, in particular, can be advantageous in many different fields.

Minimum Wage - Poland

Year Minimum Wage per Month (gross)

2023 PLN 3,490

Minimum Wage per Hour (gross)

PLN 22.80

The amounts mentioned are before tax. The current minimum wage in Poland is PLN 3,490.00 per month, effective from January 1, 2023, until June 30, 2023. The hourly minimum wage is PLN 22.80.

It's essential to comply with the minimum wage regulations in Poland to ensure fair compensation for workers. Employers who do not pay the minimum wage may face penalties from the Polish government.

Please remember that this information is based on your provided details and may be subject to change. For the most up-to-date and accurate information, it is advisable to refer to official sources or consult with local labour authorities in Poland.

Types of Poland Visas

Poland, being a member of the European Union and the Schengen Area, issues several types of visas to non-EU nationals, depending on the purpose and duration of stay. Here are the main categories:

1. Schengen Visa (Type C): This visa allows its holder to stay in Poland and other Schengen Area countries for up to 90 days within 180 days. This is typically used for tourism, visiting family or friends, and short-term business trips.

2. National Visa (Type D): A national visa is needed for stays longer than 90 days. This visa allows you to stay in Poland for a specific period that exceeds 90 days up to a year for various purposes, such as work, study, conducting scientific research, or joining a family member.

3. Work Visa: Non-EU nationals wishing to work in Poland typically need a work

permit and, in most cases, a Type D National visa corresponding to the work permit. The employer usually initiates the process of obtaining the work permit on behalf of the foreign employee.

4. Student Visa: Non-EU nationals admitted to a course of study at an accredited Polish institution can apply for a student visa.

5. Residence Permit: A residence permit might be needed for long-term stays. This can be granted for various purposes, including employment, conducting business

activities, studying, family reunification, or for long-term EU residents.

6. Transit Visa (Type A): This is for aeroplanes passing through the Schengen

countries.

Each of these visas or permits comes with its own requirements and application processes, so it's crucial to verify the current regulations with the Polish embassy or consulate in your home country or consult the relevant authorities in Poland.

Types of Work Permits in Poland

There are five types of work permits:

Type A - if you are employed based on an employment contract or civil law contract

by an employer with an office registered in Poland. This is the most famous work permit.

Type B - if you are performing a board member function and residing in Poland for a total period that exceeds six months within 12 subsequent months

Type C - if you are delegated to Poland by a foreign employer for a period that exceeds 30 days in a calendar year to work for the foreign employer's subsidiary or branch.

Type D - if a foreign employer delegates you to work in export services occasionally and temporarily. The foreign employer mustn't have a branch or subsidiary in Poland. Type E - if you are undertaking work-related tasks that do not fall into the four categories above. This is, as you presume, the rarest type of work permit.

Requirements to acquire a Poland work permit

In Poland, particular standards must be met to obtain a work visa. The requirements could change depending on the work permit you're asking for and your specific situation. The following criteria must be met to apply for a work visa in Poland:

1. Work Offer: A legitimate work offer from a Polish business is required. You should receive a signed employment contract or letter of intent from the employer

explaining the specifics of your employment.

2. Application for a Work Permit: Your employer in Poland will need to submit an

application for a work permit on your behalf to the appropriate regional office of the Voivodeship Office (Urzd Wojewodzki).

3. Labor Market Test: Generally speaking, your employer must show that there is no qualified applicant from Poland or the European Union (EU) currently seeking employment. Before recruiting a non-EU worker may entail posting the job opening and trying to find local candidates.

4. Qualifications and Experience: You can be asked to show documentation of your training, degrees, and relevant work experience that meet the employment

position's requirements. Diplomas, certificates, and professional recommendations are examples of this.

5. Health Insurance: You must have current health insurance coverage for your visit to Poland. Your company should make arrangements for your health insurance.

6. Work Permit Fee: The application for a work permit carries a cost. The price

amount may change depending on the type of work permit and the turnaround time.

7. After receiving your work permit, you may need to submit an application for a separate residence permit at the relevant Voivodeship Office or the neighbourhood Foreigners' Office. Thanks to the residence permit, you can live in Poland lawfully while working there. It's crucial to remember that depending on the type of work permit, the applicant's unique situation, and any changes to immigration laws, the particular requirements and procedures may change. To ensure accurate and current information based on your situation, consult the relevant authorities or seek expert counsel.